Operating systems (For NRB Assistant 2) – Tech Mirrors
File systems are an integral part of any operating systems with the capacity for long term storage. There are two distinct parts of a file system, the mechanism for storing files and the directory structure into which they are organised. In modern operating systems where it is possible for several user to access the same files simultaneously it has also become necessary for such features as access control and different forms of file protection to be implemented.
A file is a collection of binary data. A file could represent a program, a document or in some cases part of the file system itself. In modern computing it is quite common for their to be several different storage devices attached to the same computer. A common data structure such as a file system allows the computer to access many different storage devices in the same way, for example, when you look at the contents of a hard drive or a cd you view it through the same interface even though they are completely different mediums with data mapped on them in completely different ways. Files can have very different data structures within them but can all be accessed by the same methods built into the file system. The arrangement of data within the file is then decided by the program creating it. The file systems also stores a number of attributes for the files within it.
Operating systems (For NRB Assistant 2) | This video explains in detail about operating systems like DOS, Windows, Unix and Linux. Very useful for NRB Assistant 2 exam and your computer knowledge. So don’t miss it out !!
Pdf link : https://drive.google.com/open?id=1E1H_KLFPn6McMmmcsLCXvCVDmYM8dL7n
source
All files have a name by which they can be accessed by the user. In most modern file systems the name consists of of three parts, its unique name, a period and an extension. For example the file ‘bob.jpg’ is uniquely identified by the first word ‘bob’, the extension jpg indicates that it is a jpeg image file. The file extension allows the operating system to decide what to do with the file if someone tries to open it. The operating system maintains a list of file extension associations. Should a user try to access ‘bob.jpg’ then it would most likely be opened in whatever the systems default image viewer is.
The system also stores the location of a file. In some file systems files can only be stored as one contiguous block. This has simplifies storage and access to the file as the system then only needs to know where the file begins on the disk and how large it is. It does however lead to complications if the file is to be extended or removed as there may not be enough space available to fit the larger version of the file. Most modern file systems overcome this problem by using linked file allocation. This allows the file to be stored in any number of segments. The file system then has to store where every block of the file is and how large they are. This greatly simplifies file space allocation but is slower than contiguous allocation as it is possible for the file to be spread out all over the disk. Modern operating systems overome this flaw by providing a disk defragmenter. This is a utility that rearranges all the files on the disk so that they are all in contiguous blocks.
What are the 5 operating system?
For the most part, the IT industry largely focuses on the top five OSs, including Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, Google’s Android OS, Linux Operating System, and Apple iOS.
What are the 8 operating systems?
Updated on June 15, 2020 . While the Operating System (OS) is the most important system software powering the gadgets and devices we find under our fingers daily, we’re mostly familiar with the regular few: Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and for mobile, iOS, Android OS, Windows OS, Blackberry OS, Symbian, Bada etc.
What are the 7 types of operating system?
Types of Operating System (OS)
- Batch Operating System.
- Multitasking/Time Sharing OS.
- Multiprocessing OS.
- Real Time OS.
- Distributed OS.
- Network OS.
- Mobile OS.
What are the 4 major types of operating system?
What are the types of an Operating System?
- Batch Operating System. …
- Time-Sharing Operating System. …
- Distributed Operating System. …
- Embedded Operating System. …
- Real-time Operating System.
Is Intel an operating system?
Buried deep inside your computer’s Intel chip is the MINIX operating system and a software stack, which includes networking and a web server.
Is Oracle an operating system?
A highly performant and secure operating environment, Oracle Linux delivers virtualization, management, automation, and cloud native computing tools, along with the operating system, in a single, easy-to-manage support offering.
What is the latest operating system?
Windows: The operating system for mainstream personal computers and tablets. The latest version is Windows 11. The main competitor of this family is macOS by Apple for personal computers and iPadOS and Android for tablets (c.f. Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category).
Which is not operating system?
The correct answer is Oracle.
What are the 3 categories of operating systems?
In this unit, we will focus on the following three types of operating systems namely, stand-alone, network and embedded operating systems.
What is common operating system?
The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. Operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey), that lets your mouse click buttons, icons, and menus, and displays graphics and text clearly on your screen.
What are the two basic types of operating systems?
Two basic types of operating systems are: sequential and direct batch.
What is the most commonly used operating system?
Windows
Microsoft’s Windows is the most widely used computer operating system in the world, accounting for 69.61 percent share of the desktop, tablet, and console OS market in December 2021.
Is MS-DOS an operating system?
MS-DOS, in full Microsoft Disk Operating System, the dominant operating system for the personal computer (PC) throughout the 1980s.
